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Silk fibre
Silk is a natural protein fibre. It is produced by the silk worm which produces cocoon. Silk fiber is extracted from cocoon. Silk are mainly two types i.e. cultivated silk and wild silk. Cultivated silk is better than wild silk. Main properties of silk fibre are as follows:
1. Length: Length of silk fibre varies from 400 to 700 meters.
2. Fineness: It is very fine fibre. Fineness varies from 11 to 12 microns.
3. Cross-section: Its cross-section is triangular.
4. Strength: Strength of silk fibre is reasonably good. Its tenacity varies from 2.4 to 5.1 g/den.
5. Stretch and elasticity: Extensibility is 15% when at break. Recovery from stretch is 90% when extension is up to 2%.
6. Resiliency: resiliency is moderate.
7. Abrasion Resistance: Resiliency good.
8. Moisture Regain: 11%.
9. Effect Chemical properties:
· Effect of bleaches: Damages by the effects of strong bleaching agents. Hence, perfectly white silk fabric is not seen.
· Effect off acid & alkali: Strong mineral acid damages silk fibre & strong alkali also damages silk.
· Effect of organic solvent: Silk is unaffected by the organic solvent hence dry cleaning is safe.
· Dye-ability: Dyeing at low temperature by direct, acid, basic, vat & reactive dyes could be done.
· Biological properties: Normally unaffected by fungus, moths & insects.
· Flammability: Burns slowly when contact with flame. It also self extinguishes.
· Electrical & thermal conductivity: Heat and current flow rate is slow.
· Use: silk is widely used all over the world. It is used for children’s wear, ladies wears, tie, suits etc purposes.
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Polyester fibre
Polyester fibre is a widely used synthetic fibre. Basic raw materials for polyester fibre production are petroleum, coal, air & eater. From those basic raw materials the Glycol monomer dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid are produced, which are polymerized into an autoclave at high temperature and polyester chips are produced, which are melt spun.
Length: polyester fibre could be produced in filament from or staple form i.e. as we desire. Fibre length is controllable.
Fineness: fineness of polyester fibre is also controllable.
X-sectional shape: Normal cross-sectional
shape is round but it is also made triangular, elliptical or pentagonal.
Strength: normally tenacity varies from 4.5 to 5.0 gram per denier.
Extensibility: extension at break varies from 20% to 30%. Good recovery from extension.
Resiliency: shows good resiliency property. It does not crease easily.
Dimensional stability: polyester fibre is dimensionally stable. It could be heat- set at around 200 degree c.
Moisture regain: very low moisture from 0~0.4%.
Action of bleaching agents: it is not damaged by action of bleaching agents.
Action of sunlight & heat: polyester is unaffected by normal sunlight but prolong exposure to sunlight can reduce strength of polyester. Polyester fibre melts at 227 degree C to 242 degree C.
Dye ability: polyester fibre shows good dye ability at high temperature.
End use: polyester fibre is widely used for apparels both 100% from and blended form with cotton, nylon, wool, rayon, acetate, etc fibre.
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Acrylic fibre
Acrylic fibre is a popular synthetic fibre. It consists of at list 85% acrylonitrile units. It is produced from hydrogen, cyanide, acetylene and petroleum etc material.
Length: length of acrylic fibre is controllable that means may be filament from or staple form.
Fineness: fineness of acrylic fibre is controllable.
Stretch and elasticity: Acryloc is fairly strong fibre. Its tenacity is 5 gram per denier in dry state & 4.8 gram per denier in wet state.
Elasticity: It has an elastic recovery of 85% after 4% extension when the load is extremely released.
Cross-section: Normally round but cross-section ofacrylic fibre could be varied.
Effect of Chemical:
· Acid: it has good resistance to mineral acid.
· Alkali: the resistance to weak alkali is fairly good but hot strong alkali damages acrtlic fibre.
· Solvent: it has excellent resistance to common solvents, oils, greases & natural salts.
· Water: moisture regain of acrylic fibre varies from 1.5% to 3%. Easy to wash and quick drying.
Appearance: it is about 30% bulkier than wool. Regarding insulating warmth, it has about 20% greater insulating power than wool.
Effect of heat & sunlight: acrylic fibre has very good thermal stability. Safe ironing temperature is at 160 degree c.
Effect of Biological agents: acrylic fibre are unaffected by mildew, moulds, larves & insects.
End use: hundred percent acrylic is used mainly in sweater jersey Knit outer wear fabric and blankets. It is used as blend component with cotton, viscose, wool etc. fibre.
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